Lecture 02 - Moores Law and CPU

Understanding Performance

• Algorithm: Determines number of operations executed
• Programming Language, Complier, Architecture: Determine number of machine instructions executed per operation
• Processor and memory system: Determine how fast instructions are executed
  • 精簡指令集（RISC, Reduced Instruction Set Computing）
  • 複雜指令集（CISC, Complex Instruction Set Computing）
• I/O System: Determines how fast I/O operations are executed

Levels of Program Code

• High-Level Language
• Assembly Language
• Hardware Representation

Components of a Computer

上圖是組成計算機的五個經典部件：

• 輸入設備（Input Device）
• 輸出設備（Output Device）
• 記憶體（Memory）
• 資料路徑（Datapath，在計算機中又稱為運算器，中國稱為數據通路）
• 控制器（Control）